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Effects of Sodium Carbonate ( soda ash ) on Cement

Effects of Sodium Carbonate ( soda ash ) on Cement

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Effects of Sodium Carbonate ( soda ash ) on the Properties of Portland Cement Paste

Abstract

Sodium carbonate ( soda ash ) and sodium bicarbonate are 2 principal categories of accelerators that can be applied in sprayed concrete and paste cement. In this study, the application of the two accelerators sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight of ordinary Portland cement OPC) on the properties of OPC paste were compared. The outcomes show that both of them could accelerate the initial and final setting time of OPC paste, but the effect of the two accelerators on the compressive strength were distinct. After one day, soda ash at 3% had the hardest strength while soda ash at 1% had the highest strength. After seven days, both of the two accelerators at 1% had the highest compressive strength. After 28 days, the compressive strength fell with the increase of the two. The improved strength at 1 and 7 days was caused by the accelerated formation of ettringite (Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O) and the formation of CaCO3 through the reactions between the two with portlandite. The decrease of strength was caused by the Na+ could reduce the adhesion between C-S-H gel by replacing the Ca2+. NaHCO3 was found be a better accelerator than Na2CO3.

  1. Introduction

quick hardening ability and high early strength are fundamental properties for shotcrete or sprayed concrete. Diverse accelerators were used in order to meet these requirements. The mostly used accelerators include alkali carbonates, alkali aluminate, alkali hydroxide, and alkali silicate. For instance, the sodium silicate was found to be capable of modifying the ITZ between the cement paste and aggregates and decrease the porosity of mortar. Potassium aluminate and sodium aluminate can accelerate the formation of ettringite in the cement paste, and thereby cause a rapid hardening effect. Sodium aluminate was reported to be capable of modifying the pore structure of cement paste at an early age, improve the resistance to chloride ingress, and increase early-age compressive strength. Carbonates and bicarbonates with alkali were also among the most-used accelerators, such as soda ash (Na2CO3) and (NaHCO3). The experts reported that the NaHCO3 can improve the strength and porosity of cement paste. They also found that the sodium carbonate could enhance the compressive strength and durability of cement paste. However, it has been reported that the both of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 could decrease the compressive and tensile strength of concrete regardless of the content added or test age, and they also reported a serious reduction of strength after 28 days. However, to summarize, it is reported that either Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 could increase the early age strength at 3 and 7 days but decrease significantly the strength after 28 days, besides, they reported that sodium carbonate accelerated the setting time whereas the sodium bicarbonate retarded the setting time. In addition, the structure and shape of the interface transition zone between the slurry and the aggregate in the cement composite material is a complicated problem. It has been well accepted that the cement-based interface transition zone of the coarse aggregate is the weakest unit in the concrete, and the fly ash as mineral additive has a positive impact on the performance improvement of the interface transition zone.

 

It can be seen that there exist conflicted findings on the influence of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 on the setting time and physical properties of cementitious materials. It is necessary to carry out a comprehensive study on the effects of the two accelerators on the properties of cement paste and compare the two of them. In order to investigate and compare the effects of the two accelerators on the properties of OPC paste, the same amount of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% weight of OPC were added into different mixes and the setting time and compressive strength at ages of 1, 7, and 28 days were studied.

  1. Materials and Methods

2.1. Materials

P.O. 42.5 ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in accordance with a Chinese standard GB175-2007 was used. The Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 used were in powder form and the purity was >99.5% and >99.8%, respectively. A superplasticizer used was polycarboxylate. The mixing water was deionized water.

  1. Results

3.1. Effect of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate on the Compressive Strength of OPC Paste

For the pastes with sodium carbonate, the compressive strength at ages of 1 and 7 days firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of Na2CO3 content, and the paste with 1% Na2CO3 had the highest compressive strength. The compressive strength of paste with 1% Na2CO3 was 7.2% higher at age of 1 day and 7.7% higher at age of 7 days compared to that of OPC paste. Similarly to NaHCO3, the compressive strength of pastes with soda ash at age of 28 days decreased continuously with the increase of Na2CO3. The reason could be that the formation of caustic soda caused the decrease of compressive strength. It can be seen that the NaHCO3 had the similar beneficial effect as Na2CO3 on the early age strength when the addition was below 1%, but much worse effect than sodium carbonate on the strength development when the addition was above 1%.

At the age of 1 day, with the increasing content of NaHCO3, the compressive strength of OPC paste increased initially and then decreased. The highest compressive strength happened in the mix with 3% NaHCO3. The strength of the mix with 3% NaHCO3 at the age of 1 day was 14% higher than that of the paste with no NaHCO3. At the age of 7 days, with the increase of NaHCO3, the compressive strength of OPC paste increased initially and then decreased with the highest strength happened in the mix with 1% NaHCO3. The strength of the mix with 1% NaHCO3 at the age of 7 days was 6% higher than that of OPC. At 28 days, the compressive strength of cement paste deceased continuously with the increase of NaHCO3. It can be seen that below 1% NaHCO3 can increase the early age strength but higher content of could decrease the later age strength significantly. This can be caused by the formation of caustic soda, which is a strong alkali and could react with the silica sand in the paste specimen.

3.2. Effect of NaHCO3/Na2CO3 on the Setting Time of OPC Paste

The initial setting time of OPC paste with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% Na2CO3 decreased by 90.44%, 90.80%, 91.18%, and 91.91% respectively compared to that of pure OPC paste. The final setting time of OPC paste with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% sodium carbonate decreased by 39.95%, 53.69%, 54.96%, and 64.38% respectively compared to that of pure OPC paste. It can be seen that the influence of Na2CO3 on the initial setting time was more significant than the final setting time. Soda ash showed similar effect as NaHCO3 on the initial setting time but its influence on the final setting time was less than the NaHCO3.

The results show that both of the initial and final setting time of the OPC paste decreased with the increase of NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 content. The initial setting time of OPC paste with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% NaHCO3 decreased by 86.76%, 94.12%, 96.69%, and 97.43% respectively compared to that of pure OPC paste. The final setting time of OPC paste with 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% sodium bicarbonate decreased by 43.51%, 68.70%, 85.50%, and 86.01% respectively compared to that of pure OPC paste. It can be seen that the addition of 1–2% NaHCO3 significantly deceased the initial and final setting time of OPC paste. Further increase of NaHCO3 beyond 1% up to 4% showed little influence on the initial setting time, and further increase of NaHCO3 beyond 2% up to 4% showed little influence on the final setting time.

  1. Discussion

4.1. Effect of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate on the PH of OPC Paste

It is clear that the both soda ash and sodium bicarbonate are soluble and their main difference is that the Na2CO3 dissolves into Na+ and CO32− and the NaHCO3 dissolves into Na+ and HCO3− in water. Solutions of Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 have a PH > 7, and the PH of Na2CO3 solution is higher than that of bicarbonate solution when the same content of the two are added. For example, under the same concentration 1 mmol/L (25 °C and 1 atm), the pH values of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate solutions are 10.52 and 8.27 respectively. When they are added in cement paste, both of them can react with the portlandite, which is a hydration product of cement, and form CaCO3. Cement slurry was prepared for pH measurements with a water-cement ratio of 0.5, a water reducing agent of 0.5%, and soda ash and NaHCO3 of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. The pH meter was initially calibrated with a neutral solution (pH = 7) and then with an alkaline solution with a known pH. After the calibration is completed, the electrode of the pH meter was immersed into the cement slurry and the slurry was gently vibrated to reach a uniform state during the measurements. It can be seen the pH of the OPC paste increased with the increase of Na2CO3 but it decreased with the increase of NaHCO3. This was caused by the different pH of the solutions with the same amount of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3. There could be a risk of alkali silica reaction in the concrete with a high amount of sodium carbonate because of the increased pH. There could be a decay of the C-S-H gel in the concrete with a high amount of NaHCO3 because of the decreased pH.

  1. Conclusions

The influence of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate as additional additives on compressive strength and the setting time of OPC paste was investigated and the related effect on the hydration mechanism was studied through TG-DTA, XRD, and SEM tests. The following conclusions can be drawn.

I- The addition of either Na2CO3 or NaHCO3 could increase the early age compressive strength (1 and 7 days) depending on the content added but they could decrease the compressive strength at later ages, such as 28 days, with the increase of content added.

II- The initial and final setting time of OPC paste decreased with the increase of either NaHCO3 or Na2CO3.

III- As an accelerator, the optimum content of soda ash and sodium bicarbonate were found to be in the same level as 1% of the weight of OPC. The addition 1% of either of the two accelerators could significantly shorten the setting time, increase the early age strength and did not have an obvious detrimental effect on the later age strength.

IV- Further increase of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate above 1% could decrease the compressive strength of OPC paste although the ettringite formation was accelerated and increased. This decay was mainly caused by the Na+ ions introduced and the Na+ could partly replace the Ca2+ in the C-S-H gel and cause the discontinuity of the C-S-H gel.

Source:

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Related Products:

Soda ash Light

Soda Ash Dense

 

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Sodium Sulfide Uses - Na2S Yellow Flakes 60% Applications

Sodium Sulfide Uses

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Sodium Sulfide Uses

Commercial name: Sodium sulfide ( sodium sulphide )

Na2S CAS number: 1313-82-2

Chemical formula: Na2-S

UN number: 1849

Synonyms: Disodium monosulfide; Disodium sulfide; Sodium monosulfide; Sodium sulfuret; Sodium sulphide

Sodium Sulfide Use in Leather Tannery:

Tanneries begin the leather manufacturing process by ordering hides. These can weigh over 90 pounds and lay flat at about 50 square feet. However, the hide will still be shaped like the cow, and will probably have a few imperfections. The hair on the hide will need to be chemically removed prior to tanning. The hide may go through other processes to remove impurities and soften the skin so the tanning chemicals can be fully absorbed.

Sodium Sulfide is used in the first step: chemically destroys the hair on hides or skins. Sodium sulfur also will soften stiff leather. Yellow flakes of Sodium Sulfur (Sodium sulphide) 60% is recommended and iron content suggested below 30PPM. Due to the wasted water of tanning is very harmful for our health, Sodium sulphide ( Na2S ) with low iron content is the best choice for tanning industry.

Sodium Sulfide Use in Pulp and Paper Industry:

They use it in pulp and paper manufacturing companies in the process of kraft.

Sodium Sulphide Use in Mining Industry:

One of other main sodium sulfuret uses is in the process of ore flotation in mining companies. They use Na2S ( sulfur sodium ) ( sodium sulfur ) as an agent in the ore flotation process of Zinc, copper, iron, and other metal ores.

Na2S Application in Textile:

It is also a suitable reducing agent. The salt facilitates the absorption. Then, once the fabric is removed from the dye solution, it is allowed to stand in air whereupon the dye is regenerated by oxidation.

Sodium Sulphide Use in Water Treatment:

They also use Na2S in order to remove heavy metals from waste water through precipitation at normal or alkaline pH. Sulfide and ferrous ions perform together to reduce hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium to form a precipitate.

Other major sodium sulfide applications include as de-sulfurizing, bleaching and dyeing agent in sulfur dyes. They also use Sodium sulphide as the raw material for producing mining chemicals, detergent chemicals, pharmaceutical chemicals, and agricultural chemicals.

Tejaras Co. as one of the leading manufacturers and exporters of sodium sulfide in the Middle East is ready to supply the highest quality sodium sulfide manufactured in Iran for all the importers and end-users around the world.

What Are Antifreeze and Coolant?

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Category : Mono Ethylene Glycol

What Are Antifreeze and Coolant?

Some materials known as anti-freeze get added to the water in order to reduce freezing point and increase boiling point. Antifreeze solution is used in cold weather in order to reduce the freezing point. They also use it for increasing the boiling point in order to boost the cooling system temperature without boiling. Freezing point, boiling point and melting point all depend on the amount and purity of the solution materials.

Chemical antifreeze products include calcium chloride, methanol, ethanol, and mono ethylene glycol ( MEG ).

In industry, they use antifreeze products in a broad range of mechanical equipment. They use it in order to prevent heat transfer fluids from freezing. Generally, anti-freeze is used to call liquids that cool the engine automatically. They are also used in cooling systems, air-conditioners, solar power plants, and many other sectors.

What is Coolant? What is the Difference between Anti-freeze and Coolant?

Coolant is a liquid which controls extreme increase of temperature inside the engine (system). It moves the heat to another device. In other words, coolant is a liquid which helps the engine to work in a proper temperature, and also move the heat from the engine to the radiator.

Anti-freeze is a mixture of monoethylene glycol, water (usually with the equal ratio of 50 to 50), and some chemical additives.

A good quality coolant should be heat-resistant, chemically neutral with low viscosity.

Function of cars’ cooling system:

The role of cooling system is control of engine temperature in any weather situation. The coolant should be pure liquid that resists in low temperatures minus 0 degrees of centigrade. It should also not get boiled in high temperature above 100 degrees of centigrade. The coolant should also have anti-corrosive feature to protect coating parts of the engine.

Are Coolant and Antifreeze the Same?

The product labelled Coolant is a ready mixture for antifreeze and water solution that can be added directly to the cooling system. But, the product labelled Antifreeze is a thick liquid that should be diluted with water and other chemicals before being added to the cooling system.

Coolants and antifreezes have almost same specifications. But antifreeze should be more resistant against cold and freezing. The base of antifreeze products is mono ethylene glycol ( MEG ) and some anti-corrosive products such as sodium bi-chromate.

About 60% of breakdowns and problems of the engines can be related to the cooling system. Antifreeze products are vital for proper function of the engines.

Antifreeze and coolant should have these features;

  • Anti-freezing
  • Anti-sedimentation
  • Compatible with hard water
  • Compatible with the plastic and elastomer used in the engine
  • Producing less foam

The most common coolant is water. Water has high heat-resistance, cost-effective, and suitable for heat transfer. They always use water with other chemical additives. One of the most popular chemical antifreeze is mono ethylene glycol. Water is the best heat transfer fluid, and MEG is also used for anti-freezing.

Propylene glycol is also known as a less poisonous replacement for MEG. But, as it is much more expensive with lower function, manufacturers prefer to use mono ethylene glycol.

Mixture of water and mono ethylene glycol ( with the ratio of 50 to 50) prevents from freezing in the temperatures up to minus 36 degrees of centigrade. But, the mixture of water and propylene glycol prevents from freezing up to minus 32.2 degrees of centigrade.

Antifreeze solutions depending on their materials are available in green, blue and neutral colors. The most common and popular one is green antifreeze which include phosphates / bichromates / nitrites mixed with main materials.

Green antifreeze should be changed on regular basis of once every 2 years or car use of 50,000 KMs.

© 2018 Tejaras Co. All Rights Reserved.

5 Tips to Buy Caustic Soda

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Category : caustic soda

5 tips to buy caustic soda:

In a competitive world which there are hundreds of manufacturers, suppliers and exporters of caustic soda, importers and end-users have a difficult job to consider all the important factors of a good purchase, and make the best choice. In this article, we want to share some useful information about the ways how an importer can make a better decision to buy caustic soda considering these tips;

1- Choose the right supplier:

Regardless of the fact that the supplier is a manufacturer or a trader, it should be able to give you the most competitive and smoothest services. Your right caustic soda supplier should be able to offer you reasonable rates, and deliver the cargo on the due time. Your caustic soda supplier should also be able to offer you smooth shipping services with economical rates. Sometimes, the goods’ price is ok, but the freight charge is deal breaker. So, your supplier should be reliable in the market and get the most competitive rates from the top key players in shipping industry of the country.

Last and most important point is that your supplier must be honest and fulfill all the commitments they promise.

For example, imagine you have invested a considerable amount to buy caustic soda, or have guaranteed to a tender contract to supply caustic soda for a private or governmental sector in your country. Your supplier gives you the proforma invoice, and promise to deliver the cargo within one week after they receive the payment from you. You pay the amount, but receive the cargo only after a delay of 20 days. In this way, no money or product quality can compensate for your credit loss in front of your local customers. So, a reliable and honest supplier should be the most important factor for you to buy caustic soda.

2- Don’t get carried away with unbelievable caustic soda prices:

It is always a nice dream to find a price which is below the range of market price, and make a huge profit. But, the English say “we are not that rich to buy cheap things.”

Sometimes you may face with unbelievable prices from a caustic soda manufacturer or trader. Good for you, congrats! But, before proceeding to pay and place the order, we highly recommend to check the below possibilities;

  • The cargo may have been kept at the warehouse for a long time. It may have lost the purity, or shape. You may pay for caustic soda flakes, but once you receive the cargo at your destination, you see that you have bought caustic soda lumps which are stuck to each other like a mass of stone-shape, and there are not any flakes!!
  • The manufacturer may use salt, low quality caustic soda lye and other impurities for producing caustic soda flakes in order to reduce their production costs. In this case, the specifications may not match your requirement at all.

Sometimes, a manufacturer or trader may offer those unbelievable prices to promote its product and brand, and the quality of the cargo may also be ok. But, it is necessary to check the cargo quality and specifications to prevent any risk for the amount you are going to pay to such supplier.

Click Here to Read About Our Caustic Soda Flakes 99%!

3- Consider the supply capacity:

Basically, there are two types of caustic soda manufacturers; chlor-alkali plants and factories that buy caustic soda lye and make it flakes.

Most of those chlor-alkali plants have bigger production capacities. So, if you want to place bulk orders like 500 MT and above, and would like to receive the whole quantity in a short time, these factories can be your suitable choice.

The second type of manufacturers may have smaller production capacity, but they care about their customers more and seem to be more flexible about the price, quality, payment term and customer-care services comparing to those giant chlor-alkali plants in order to keep the relationship with their customers and make them satisfied to buy from them.

So, depending on your quantity requirement, you should note the production capacity and delivery time of the supplier you are going to buy from.

4- Try to buy caustic soda on CFR/CPT basis:

As a foreign customer located in another country thousands of miles away from the supplier’s location, it is very difficult to take the cargo on EXW or FOB basis, and arrange the shipment on your own. Especially, as there are some limitations for shipping from Iran, you may get confused which shipping company can do the job for your shipment, how you should arrange the shipping documentation, which port is better and closer to your final destination, which shipping line has shorter transit time for your destination, and etc. all these factors are fundamental in logistics in order to prevent any risk and control your import costs to buy caustic soda.

So, it is an important necessity to buy caustic soda from a supplier who is expert in international transportation, and can deliver the cargo to your destination in a smooth way with cost-effective rates.

5- Check the supplier’s accountability in the market:

Once the market gets booming for a specific product in a country, so many people may decide to rent a workshop and start producing that product. They may not have any professional experience in manufacturing that product. So, there are so many risks to buy from a new-established manufacturer.

Our suggestion is that regardless of the adverts and claims the new manufacturer may do, you should check its accountability in the market, its product quality and specification, and also check their packing quality before placing any order with them. Checking the details before paying any money will keep you on the safe side.

You can have a better choice to buy from a caustic soda supplier which has many years of experience in the same field in the local market and knows all the territory manufacturers in details, have strong buiness relationship with giant governmental  chlor-alkali plants and reliable caustic soda producing workshops. So, that supplier can keep your back, and arrange your caustic soda orders in the smoothest way on regular basis.

 

Related product:

Caustic Soda Flakes 98-99%

 

© 2018 Reza Heydari All Rights Reserved.

Caustic Soda Manufacturers in China

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Category : caustic soda

Caustic Soda Manufacturers in China

China is a leading manufacturer and exporter of caustic soda in the world. In the last decade, they have exported caustic soda to so many countries with interesting prices for importers. But, during last few years, the Chinese government has imposed some economic and environmental restrictions and regulations for local chemicals manufacturers. These limitations have caused some differences in caustic soda prices in China. We could see that in 2017, shutdown of caustic soda plants in China caused a drastic increase in caustic soda global prices, and global importers were looking for other alternatives than China. As per the new environmental and economic road map of Chinese government, it seems the same situation will continue.

 

Tejaras Co. as a leading manufacturer and exporter of caustic soda flakes from Iran can be a great alternative for caustic soda flakes and caustic soda lye requirements around the world. With thanks to our modern state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities invested by top governmental petrochemical company of Iran, we are in position to supply the highest quality caustic soda flakes 98-99% and caustic soda lye 48-50% to our valued customers around the world.

 

Tejaras caustic soda advantages to caustic soda manufacturer in China :

  • Price:

There are few alkali plants in China. Most of caustic soda flakes manufacturers in China are workshops that have to move caustic soda lye from chlor-alkali plants to their factories. So, they have to pay extra charges for local transportation.

But, Tejaras supplies caustic soda flakes 98-99% from the top governmental chlor-alkali plants of Iran directly with the most competitive prices.

Besides, China is located in the Far East which is too far for many destinations, so, the freight charge from China to many destinations is deal breaker.

But, Tejaras can quote competitive freight rates thanks to great location of the factories in the Middle East which have smooth land, sea and rail routes to any destination in the world.

 

  • Logistics:

Caustic soda manufacturers in China are located mainly in North West, East, Central, and South East of China. By the way, China is located in the Far East, and caustic soda manufacturers in China have to ship their cargoes by vessel or railway to the Western countries which takes a lot of time with expensive rates.

Tejaras factories located in the transportation hub of the world in the Middle East. Iran has great access to all land, sea and rail routes around the world. We can immediately ship caustic soda flakes from Middle East to any destination in Europe by truck in less than one week. We are already exporting caustic soda to European countries such Romania, Serbia, Greece and Turkey. Tejaras also ships caustic soda flakes to CIS countries including Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia immediately by truck in less than 3 days. We also ship caustic soda to all African countries including Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Togo and Gabon by vessel through Persian Gulf or Turkish ports in less than 3 weeks. We can ship caustic soda flakes to South American countries like Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Brazil in less than 3 weeks.

 

  • Quality:

We think that the best reference for a product quality judgement is the buyers’ feedback after consumption of that product. We export caustic soda to major detergent, mining, paper, leather, textile, alumina companies in Asia, Europe and Africa. Until the present time, we are so pleased that all the customers have been totally satisfied with our caustic soda quality.

 

  • Banking:

Tejaras has offshore company partners in Dubai, Oman, Turkey and Hong Kong. All the banking procedure and transactions happens through first class banks of the world with major currencies such as USD, AED and EUR. Also, shipping documentation can be done through our offshore companies upon customers’ requirements.

 

In order to get the latest fresh prices of caustic soda flakes 98-99% and caustic soda lye 48-50%, please send your detailed inquiry including quantity, destination country, and required delivery term to our email address sales(at)chemicaliran.com. We will get back to you in less than 24 hours with the most competitive prices of caustic soda in order to fulfill all your requirements smoothly.

 

Related product:

Caustic Soda Flakes 98-99%

© 2018 Tejaras Co. All Rights Reserved.

Detergent Chemicals

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Category : caustic soda Uncategorized

Detergent Chemicals

Tejaras Co. is a major manufacturer, exporter, and supplier of detergent chemicals located in the Middle East. State-of-the-art manufacturing facilities of detergent chemicals and raw materials in top governmental plants, has made us able to supply highest quality detergent chemicals and raw materials at most competitive prices.

Caustic Soda

Caustic soda in 2 types are used in detergent industry; caustic soda liquid 48-50% and caustic soda flakes 98-99%. Caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide ) is one of the most important raw materials in manufacture of detergent chemicals. It is used in saponification, the process that converts vegetable oils into soap. Caustic soda is also used to produce anionic surfactants which are largely used in detergent chemicals and cleaning products.

Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonic Acid ( LABSA 96-97% )

LABSA, sulfonic acid also known as acid slurry is one of other major detergent chemicals we export. LABSA is the most common anionic surfactant for synthetic detergent powder. There are some important factors that detergent manufacturers prefer sulfonic acid to other anionic surfactants. We can point out good solubility in water, high detergency and foaming, and economical prices among those important factors.

Soda ash light ( sodium carbonate )

soda ash also known as washing soda is also among major detergent chemicals. Soda ash is used as the builder ( washing auxiliary ) in detergent industry. Its main application is to be used as a solvent which can remove a wide range of stains. Also, soda ash can be dissolved in water in order to create a pre-soaking solution for tough stains like coffee, tea, blood, grease, and oil.

Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate ( SLES 70% )

SLES, sodium lauryl ether sulfate, also known as Texapon is one of other major detergent chemicals we supply and export. SLES is widely used in liquid detergent such as shampoo, hand washing liquid, dishwashing detergent, and bubble bath liquid.

Sodium hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite is the most powerful home bleach. Using sodium hypochlorite aids detergent products in the removal of stains and soil. Once sodium hypochlorite is used in the wash, it acts as a disinfectant on bacteria and viruses and generally whitens most natural-fiber fabrics like cotton.

caustic soda exporter | Caustic soda lye exporter - Tejaras Co.

Caustic Soda Exporter

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Category : caustic soda

Caustic soda exporter

Tejaras Co., as the leading exporter of caustic soda flakes and caustic soda liquid (lye) manufactured by top Iran governmental plants and petrochemical complexes, has had the honor to export caustic soda to 3 continents mentioning the major countries as Romania, Turkey, Vietnam, India, Kenya, South Africa, Armenia, Syria, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, and Iraq.

Caustic soda flakes 98-99% ( sodium hydroxide ), is packed by highest quality 25 KG poly propylene bags with inner poly ethylene layer. The 25 KG bags can be palletized, or get packaged in big jumbo bags. Therefore, we can easily ship all the caustic soda cargoes with standard packing to any destination in the world.

Caustic soda liquid 48-50% ( caustic soda lye ) ( sodium hydroxide ), can be packed in HDPE drums or IBC tanks.

Iran used to be among importers of caustic soda flakes up to few years ago, but after launch of big local governmental plants, the local customers could experience the high quality of local caustic soda manufacturers, and they started buying the local product than the imported counterpart. This scenario expanded in the neighbor countries as well. The customers in some countries like Iraq and Kazakhstan could feel the better quality of Iranian caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide ) compared to Chinese caustic soda as well as much more competitive prices. Therefore, they decided to import caustic soda flakes from Iran.

High quality, on-time delivery, and competitive prices comparing to all major caustic soda manufacturers around the world have made us able to get our share in global export market of caustic soda.

As Tejaras has partner companies in Dubai Turkey and Hong Kong, we can totally support all our customers around the world. Payments are possible to be received in USD/EUR/AED/RMB by our offshore partner companies outside Iran. We are also in position to ship caustic soda flakes and caustic soda liquid cargoes to any destination in the world by vessel, truck and train.

Tejaras is well prepared to accept all caustic soda inquiries around the world, and invite all the importers and end-users of caustic soda to supply the highest quality caustic soda flakes and caustic soda lye manufactured in Iran with unique export services and economical competitive prices.

In order to get the latest prices of caustic soda flakes 98-99% and caustic soda lye 48-50%, you are kindly requested to send your detailed inquiry to sales(at)chemicaliran.com, and get the response in a short time from us.

 


Related Product:


Caustic Soda Flakes 98-99%

 

 

Caustic Soda Price

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Category : caustic soda

Caustic Soda Price

Tejaras Co. supplies caustic soda lye (liquid) and caustic soda flakes directly from biggest top governmental plants of Iran. This is the major difference between Tejaras and other private manufacturers in Iran. Almost all private manufacturers in Iran are small and medium-size production workshops that buy caustic soda liquid from governmental plants. Then, they move the cargo to their workshop by tankers, and then produce caustic soda flakes. Therefore, direct export of caustic soda flakes and caustic soda lye from top governmental plants has made Tejaras able to supply the highest quality caustic soda manufactured in Iran with the most competitive prices for its valued buyers around the world. Economical price is the result of direct supply from governmental manufacturers without any third-party broker or trader involved.

High quality of the product, on-time delivery, and economical prices are among the major reasons Tejaras is exporting caustic soda flakes and caustic soda lye on regular basis.

Tejaras is always well ready, and welcomes all the inquiries around the world from 1 container up to thousands of tons, to supply the highest quality caustic soda flakes and caustic soda lye manufactured in Iran with most competitive prices, and ship the cargo to any destination in the world in the fastest time through the most modern and professional international transportation companies.

If you look for the caustic soda flakes price in Iran, caustic soda lye price in Iran, ask us the price so that we can share the most competitive prices of caustic soda in Asia with you. Tejaras, as one of the leading exporters of caustic soda flakes in Iran with capacity of 100 – 150 TPD can be your reliable partner for all your caustic soda requirements.

In order to get the latest fresh caustic soda price, please send your inquiry through our email address sales(at)chemicaliran.com

 

Related products:

Caustic Soda Flakes 98-99%

what is paraffin?

What is paraffin?

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What is paraffin?

Paraffin is an odorless colorless and tasteless hydrocarbon compound which is produced from petroleum derivatives. Some people think the only paraffin use is making candles, but there are many paraffin uses. Paraffin can be categorized in two types; paraffin wax ( solid paraffin ) and liquid paraffin ( white oil ). Paraffin wax ( solid paraffin ) is mainly used for candle and match making industries, while liquid paraffin ( white oil ) is mainly used in industrial, hygienic and pharmaceutical industries. In another aspect, paraffin uses are categorized in 3 types; food grade paraffin, industrial grade paraffin and pharmaceutical grade paraffin. Food grade paraffin is mainly used in husbandries in order to control the digestion of the livestock. It is also used for some humanitarian food products.

Paraffin wax ( solid paraffin ) and liquid paraffin ( white oil )are irreplaceable important raw materials in various industries such as textile, rubber, isolation, cosmetics, candles, matches, adhesives, and lubricants.

How to find out the quality of paraffin?

First of all, you should know the purpose of using paraffin, because the quality of paraffin is figured out as per the application of paraffin in the specific industry. For example, paraffin wax with lower oil content is considered to be high quality in candle making industries, but it is vice versa in lubrication industry.

Generally, the whiter the paraffin wax is, the higher quality the paraffin wax has comparing to milky or yellow pale-colored paraffin waxes. Also, availability of white crystal seeds in the inner layers of the paraffin shows the high quality of the product.

Tejaras Co. is well ready to supply all high quality paraffin products in different grades manufactured in Iran to all the valued customers around the world.

In order to get the latest fresh paraffin wax price, white oil price, liquid paraffin price and solid paraffin price, please send your detailed inquiry to sales (at)chemicaliran.com, and get the response in a short time.

Caustic Soda Flakes Uses

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Category : caustic soda

caustic soda flakes uses

Caustic soda flakes uses

Commercial name: caustic soda

Caustic soda flakes CAS number: 1310-73-2

Caustic soda flakes chemical formula: NaOH /or HNaO

Caustic soda flakes UN number: 1823

Caustic soda flakes synonyms: sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrate, white caustic, natrium hydroxyde, soda kaustische, natriumhydroxid, aetznatron, ascarite

 

Caustic soda flakes ( sodium hydroxide ), with purity of 98-99%, with the appearance of white flakes, with the HS code: 28151100, are the major raw material in many various industries.

  1. Detergent: one of the main caustic soda flakes uses is in detergent industry. They use sodium hydroxide in soap making process. One of the other Caustic soda uses is in the production of anionic surfactants.

 

  1. Pulp and paper: one of another caustic soda flakes uses is in the pulp and paper industry. They use caustic soda as bleaching agent, de-inking agent, and water treatment agent in processes of pulp and paper production.

 

  1. Alumina refining: One of the other sodium hydroxide usages is in the production of aluminum oxide. Caustic soda is used for bauxite ore flotation.

 

  1. Textile: Textile factories use caustic soda in dyeing process of synthetic fibers such nylon and polyester.

 

  1. Chemicals: one of other caustic soda flakes uses is as the raw material for production of many chemical products such as: solvents, plastics, pesticides, paints and inks, and pharmaceutical products.

 

Among another major caustic soda flakes uses, we can point out: production of sodium sulfide flakes. One of other caustic soda uses is in petroleum and drilling industry. Water treatment, ceramic making, alcohol making, leather making, cotton making, and oil drilling are other major caustic soda flakes uses. Sodium hydroxide is also used for neutralizing the acids in battery production.  Another caustic soda use is for olive sweetening. Mining companies, starch producers, and chemical manufacturers are also main caustic soda flakes users.

Tejaras Co. as one of the leading exporters of caustic soda flakes 98-99% and caustic soda lye 48-50% is eagerly ready to fulfill all caustic soda requirements of importers and end-users around the world.

In order to get the latest prices of caustic soda flakes and caustic soda liquid, please send your detailed inquiry to sales(at)chemicaliran.com

mono ethylene glycol exporter

Article about Mono Ethylene Glycol Global Market Structure Changes

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Category : Mono Ethylene Glycol

export of mono ethylene glycol

Mono ethylene glycol ( MEG ) is a colorless, odorless liquid manufactured from reaction of ethylene oxide and water. The main use of mono ethylene glycol is in PET manufacturing industry for fiber and bottle grades. Some small part is also used for antifreeze manufacturing.

The global production capacity of mono ethylene glycol was about 33 million tons in 2017. The total production of mono ethylene glycol will increase to about 40 million tons up to 2020 as per the anticipations. The current production volume of mono ethylene glycol in Iran is 1.4 million tons, and it will increase to 3.4 million tons as per Iran government plans. The current mono ethylene glycol manufacturers in Iran include Shazand Arak, Farsa Chemie, Maroun, and Morvarid.

As per the local reports, MEG consumption in Iran is about 230,000 MT per annum. The reports show that this volume will increase to about 450,000 MT per annum within 3 years if the government completes the plant projects that consume MEG. Therefore, with a simple calculation we can understand that about 2.5 million tons of mono ethylene glycol can be exported from Iran within the next 3 years.

So, it is so important to investigate the global potential markets of mono ethylene glycol. In 2016, Iran exported 400,000 tons of mono ethylene glycol to China. This was only 7% of the import capacity of China. In the same year, all Middle East countries exported 4.8 million of mono ethylene glycol including Iran with 9% share.

Import flow of mono ethylene glycol in China will continue for the future years. It is expected that the import volume of mono ethylene glycol in China will be around 10 million tons by 2026. Although, they have their own MEG manufacturing plants, but as they are developing new sites for PET and fiber, they will be still a big importer of mono ethylene glycol.

Therefore, there is big potential for export of mono ethylene glycol from Iran to China with the target of around 1.5 million tons per annum in case the manufacturers provide the structure and match themselves with the market. It is necessary to consider the competitors as well. The regional competitors of Iran for export of mono ethylene glycol are Saudis and Kuwait. The investigations show that they will in total export 7 million tons of MEG within 3 years. The trans-regional competitors also include USA that is exporting 900,000 tons of MEG per annum. But these figures will change to 3 million tons per annum by 2026.

Tejaras Co. believes that although Iran manufactures 3.5% of total mono ethylene glycol of the world at the present time, and Saudis are producing 6 million tons of MEG, about 24% share of the global production, but in the coming years, Iran can increase the production capacity up to 3.4 million tons if the government completes the due projects. It is necessary to attention to this point that the market structure will change drastically in the short term future. There will be big competition among mono ethylene glycol manufacturers. Therefore, market investigation and market research should be among top priorities of the Iranian manufacturers in the petrochemical industry.

Related product:

Mono Ethylene Glycol

 

© 2018 Tejaras Co. All Rights Reserved

 

Mining Chemicals – Chemicals Used in Mining

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Mining Chemicals – Chemicals Used in Mining

In this post you will study some of the most widely traded and used mining chemicals.

Mine Explosives and Drilling Chemicals:
    • Acetic Acid: Additive in industrial explosives
    • Sodium Nitrate: Initiator in industrial explosives
    • Sodium Nitrite: Initiator in industrial explosives
    • Sodium Perchlorate: Initiator in industrial explosives
    • AN Prills : base in industrial explosives
Flotation in Mining – Collectors and Modifiers:

There are many possible ways of categorizing sulfide collectors; e.g. copper collectors, lead collectors, soluble collectors, oily collectors, thiol collectors, etc. The terms “collector” and “promoter” are often used synonymously. Other reagents, which assist the adsorption of a collector on the mineral surface, are referred to as “activators”, and their use is also discussed below.

Xanthate:

Most widely used Xanthate in the flotation process in mining:

  • Potassium Amyl Xanthate (PAX): Strong, unselective collector
  • Sodium Ethyl Xanthate (SEX): Weak, highly selective collector
  • Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (SIBX): Good general purpose collector
  • Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate (SIPX): Selective collector with higher recovery than SEX
Modifying Agents:

a huge number of reagents usually referred to as “Modifying agents” are used in the flotation of sulfide ores. This is especially true in the case of complex ores, where two or more valuable minerals have to be separated from each other, e.g. Pb/Zn ores, Cu/Zn ores Cu/Pb/Zn ores, Cu/Mo ores, Cu/Ni ores etc.

These modifying agents cover a variety of functions; for example, pH modifiers, depressants, activators and dispersants.

pH Modifiers:

Most minerals exhibit an optimum pH range for a given collector. While some minerals can often be floated at the natural pH of the ores, in most cases the pH has to be adjusted for maximum recovery and selectivity. The most widely used reagents for alkaline circuits are lime and soda ash.

For acid circuit flotation, the most commonly used reagent is sulfuric acid. These three modifiers are generally the most cost-effective ones. Other pH modifiers are also used rarely when difficult separations are required.

Common pH Modifiers:
  • Sodium Cyanide /NaCN: Strong sulphide depressant for iron and zinc sulphides (e.g. pyrite, pyrrhotite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite).
  • Caustic soda/ Sodium Hydroxide /NaOH : Used to raise pH
  • Soda ash /Sodium Carbonate / Na2CO3 : Used to raise pH
  • Sulphuric Acid / H2SO4 : Used when flotation needs to be at a lower pH.
Depressants:
Inorganic Depressants:

The principal ones used and their typical applications are as follows:

  • Sodium Cyanide: Depression of iron sulfide minerals such as pyrite, pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite. Depression of Zn minerals during Pb flotation from Pb/Zn ores.
  • Sodium Ferro cyanide: Depression of Cu and Fe sulfide in Cu/Mo separation.
  • Zinc Sulfate: Used alone, or in combination with cyanide, for depression of Zn minerals in the flotation of Pb/Zn, Cu/Zn, and Cu/Pb/Zn ores.
  • Sodium Metabisulphite/SMBS: Depression of Zn sulphide (sphalerite) and Fe sulphide (e.g. pyrite, pyrrhotite) minerals.
  • Hydrate Lime: Depressant for pyrite during copper and zinc flotation and in other sulphide ores where pyrite is a problem.
  • Citric Acid: Organic Acid gangue depressant for ores containing oxide minerals
    Sodium sulfide & Hydrosulfide (NaHS): Used for the depression of Cu and Fe sulfide minerals in Cu/Mo separation.
  • Nokes Reagent: Used for the depression of Cu and Fe sulfide minerals in Cu/Mo separation.
  • DETA (Diethylene triamine): Used for the depression of pyrrhotite in Cu/Ni ores.
  • Permanganates & other oxidizing agents: Can be useful in the separation of pyrite from arsenopyrite
  • Yellow Dextrin, Starches: Used in the depression of weathered silicates and carbonaceous matter.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose /CMC: Used in the depression of magnesium silicates such as talc and pyroxene. Especially useful in the flotation of PGM and Ni ores.
  • Guar gum: Depression of silicate gangue (e.g. talc, serpentine, lizardite, antigorite).

 

Activators:

 

Certain minerals do not float well with the use of only a collector, but require prior activation. The most commonly used activators are:

  • Copper Sulphate /CuSO4: Activation of Zn sulfide and Fe sulfide minerals such as pyrite and pyrrhotite when the latter contain values such as Au, Ni and PGM elements.
  • Lead (Pb) Nitrate or 
Pb Acetate: Used for the activation of antimony sulfide minerals such as stibnite and to reactivate copper sulphides depressed with cyanide.
  • Sodium Sulphide (Na2S) /Sodium Hydrosulphide (NaHS): Commonly used prior to collector addition for the activation of Cu, Pb, and Zn minerals. The choice of whether to use Na2S or NaHS depends on the pH required in flotation, as Na2S is more alkaline and also, whichever works best (test to verify). Typically made up to 15-25 % solution strength.
  • NaCN/ Sodium Cyanide: Acts as a surface cleaning agent or “activator” to improve the flotation of PbS.
Dispersants:

Many ores contain significant quantities of clay minerals and other “primary slimes”. These can have an adverse effect on flotation metallurgy. This can be due to a combination of factors such as, (a) increasing pulp viscosity, which adversely affects air bubble distribution, and froth drainage/mobility; (b) slimes can form a coating on the surface of valuable minerals thereby inhibiting their flotation.
The usual practice for minimizing the aforementioned effect of “slimes” is to conduct the flotation at lower percent solids to reduce the pulp viscosity. However, this also reduces the effective residence time in the flotation circuit. Consequently the use of both inorganic and organic dispersing and viscosity reducing agents is commonly practiced. Sodium silicate, soda ash, various poly- phosphate.

Related Produtcs:

Sodium Sulfide Yellow Flakes 60% (Na2S)

Caustic soda flakes 99% (NaOH) (Sodium Hydroxide)

Soda Ash Light

Soda Ash Dense

Hydrogen Peroxide

Calcium Hypochlorite

Paraffin wax Uses – Paraffin wax applications

Paraffin wax Uses – Paraffin wax applications

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Paraffin wax Uses – Paraffin wax applications
Paraffin wax Uses – Paraffin wax applications

Paraffin wax Uses – Paraffin wax applications

Paraffin wax CAS Number:  8002-74-2

Paraffin wax chemical formula: C21H27NO3

Paraffin wax synonyms: PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 51-53 PH EUR,B;PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 52-54 PH EUR,B;PARAFFIN IN BLOCK FORM 42-44 25 KG;PARAFFIN IN BLOCK FORM 46-48 1 KG;PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 56-58 PH EUR,B;PARAFFIN IN PASTILLE FORM 57-60 PH EUR,B;PARAFFIN IN BLOCK FORM 46-48 25 KG;PARAFFIN IN BLOCK FORM 42-44 1 KG

 

Paraffin wax use in coatings:

It is added to many candy coatings and chocolates to give the treats a shiny finish. It is also used to coat fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life by retaining moisture.

 

Paraffin wax use in candles:

Paraffin wax is popularly used in candle making process. Paraffin candles are odorless and bluish-white in color, burns more cleanly and are also more economical than other types of candles.

Almost all types of candle can be made with paraffin wax. The melting point is the primary determinant of the type of candle you can make with it.

Low melt point paraffin (less than 130F) is used for container candles in jars, cups or glasses

Medium melt point paraffin (130F-150F) is used for candles that need to stand on their own – votives, pillars, and other molded candles

High melt point wax (greater than 150F) is used for more special applications like hurricane candle shells, over-dipping, and other special candle making applications.

 

Paraffin wax use in cosmetics:

Cosmetically, paraffin wax is often applied to the hands and feet. The wax is a natural emollient, helping make skin supple and soft. When applied to the skin, it adds moisture and continues to boost the moisture levels of the skin after the treatment is complete.

It can also help open pores and remove dead skin cells. That may help make the skin look fresher and feel smoother.

Therapeutic benefits

Paraffin wax may be used to help relieve pain in the hands of people with:

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Ffibromyalgia

Other joint mobility issues

It acts like a form of heat therapy and can help increase blood flow, relax muscles, and decrease joint stiffness. Paraffin wax can also minimize muscle spasms and inflammation as well as treat sprains.

Paraffin wax uses in crayons:

It is the primary ingredient in crayons that gives them their waxy texture. The wax, mixed with color pigments, is poured into a mold to form the crayon.

Paraffin wax use in matches:

Paraffin is naturally water resistant. Paraffin wax coatings can be applied to a variety of products to make them waterproof, including matches, wood and bottles. To make your own waterproof matches, dip the match head in melted paraffin wax, remove it from the wax and blow on it to cool and harden the wax quickly.

Paraffin wax use in rubber:

In order to prevent rubber from being cracked with air or sun light, it is formerly known that a wax-based antioxidant is used in rubber.

When the wax-based antioxidant is blended with rubber, the antioxidant oozes out onto the surface of rubber and forms a thin film thereon. This thin film prevents the rubber from contacting ozone, and thus prevents degradation thereof.

 

Paraffin wax uses as friction reducer:

Since paraffin wax has lubricating properties, it is applied to a variety of products to reduce friction. Snowboarders, skateboarders and surfers apply paraffin wax to the bottom of their boards to help them glide easier.

 

Paraffin wax uses as moisturizer :

A number of toiletries and cosmetic products contain paraffin wax as a moisturizing agent. As paraffin wax is potentially comedogenic and may lead to acne or pimples, such moisturizers are usually recommended for those with very dry skin.

Paraffin wax use in paint:

Among the plethora of additives available today, waxes have a significant impact on many formulations or processes. Even if used in relatively small quantities – typically below 3% solids content of the total composition – waxes impart or improve effects as various as slip and lubrication, abrasion resistance, anti-blocking, matting and water repellency – all critical properties in the coating and ink areas. Hence, waxes are often classified as surface conditioner additives.

  1. Wax is added to paper products to make them more durable and moisture resistant. A thin coating of wax keeps the paper product from disintegrating when it comes in contact with moisture, like grease or water.

Wax is also added to paper products to keep things from sticking to it. Chewy candies are often wrapped in wax coated paper to make them easy to unwrap.

  1. There are three different ways wax is applied to paper products.

Wet waxing (aka wax bath): A sheet of paper is immersed in the wax

Roll-on or dry waxing: Wax is rolled on the sheet of paper using rollers

Laminating: Wax is applied to printed paper and is used to bond two substrates together, such as foil to paper or paper to paper.

  1. The amount of wax added to the paper depends on what the coated paper will be used for. For example, butcher paper has a thicker wax coating on it than candy wrapper paper. For a ream of paper, which is approximately 3,000 square feet, there can be up to 30 pounds of wax on it.

 

Related products:

Paraffin Wax

 

© 2018 Reza Heydari All Rights Reserved.

sodium sulfide manufacturer

Sodium sulfide manufacturing methods and applications

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Sodium sulfide production methods:

Sodium sulfide (Na2S) is a yellow to red solid material soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol. It is a strong reducing agent and reacts with oxidant.

No commercial process for the production of sodium sulfide containing neither water nor iron is known. The commercially available sodium sulfide is in every case produced by reduction of sodium sulfate, usually by means of carbon, but also by means of hydrogen and other reducing gases. Reduction with carbon yields a crude melt, which contains, in addition to sodium sulfide, considerable amounts of impurities and by-products such as unreacted carbon, ash constituents, impurities from the carbon, carbonates, sulphites, sodium thiosulfates, and iron compounds. This crude melt is usually extracted with water so that the water-soluble part of the impurities and considerable amounts of iron pass into the extraction liquor. Other reactions take place subsequently in the aqueous solution, and these lead to undesirable by-products. by evaporating the extraction liquor, either crystals of the composition Na S.9H O are obtained or with further evaporation, a product containing 60% of Na S solidifies from the melt. Both hydrates, namely the hydrate crystallising from the solution and containing 32% of Na S, contain considerable amounts of soda, sulfite, thiosulfate, sulfate, and iron salts. The commercially available substance containing 60% Na is colored a dark reddish brown by the iron and can scarcely be used for certain purposes such treatment of textiles. It is not technically or economically possible to reduce the residual 40% of water content by further evaporation on account of the extraordinarily steep rise in the melt temperature above 60% of Na-S and since a suitable material for use in making the necessary apparatus which is resistant to concentrated sodium sulphite melt is unknown. Even evaporation to only 60% of Na S necessitates the use of apparafus made from expensive special alloys or causes heavy wear on other materials.

A process has now been discovered for obtaining a sodium sulphide of excellent purity by reduction of sodium sulphate with carbon or other reducing agents, which sulphide is in particular free from iron and water. The process is based on the fact that anhydrous sodium sulphide, unlike the hydrate, dissolves readily in alcohols.

Claim1: In a process for the production of pure anhydrous sodium sulfide free from iron, the step which comprises heating the melt obtained by reduction of sodium sulfate with carbon and which contains impurities resulting from the reduction process, with an alcohol, filtering the sodium sulfide solution thereby formed and recovering the sodium sulfide from the said solution by evaporating the alcohol.

 

It is known that sodium hydroxide may be reacted with H2S to form Na2S which may be treated with more H2S to convert Na2S to NaHS, and it has been proposed to make sodium hydrosulfide by gassing an Na2S-NaHS liquor with pure hydrogen sulfide.

In processes of the type to which the invention relates, the source of sodium is commercial caustic soda which contains appreciable quantities of impurities, such as iron, copper, nickel, manganese and silicon. These impurities do not discolor caustic soda to any great extent, and hence their presence in commercial caustic is unobjectionable. However, during H2S gassing of commercial caustic liquor, such impurities pass thru the process and are carried into the resulting NaHS liquor. Such impurities may be present in the NaHS liquor as soluble salts or suspended in finely divided condition. While probably largely sulfides, exact compositions of the impurities are not known, and whatever their nature, these subtances are referred to herein as metallic impurities. The presence of even small amounts of these impurities in Na2S or NaHS solutions results in products of very poor appearance because of the highly colored nature of the impurities after having been subjected to H2S gassing. Accordingly, a major problem presented in manufacture of relatively pure sodium hydrosulfide has been the elimination of such impurities.

Commercially available hydrogen sulfide gases contain appreciable amounts of carbon dioxide as an impurity.

Claim2: the method for producing purified sodium sulfide from a sodium hydrosulfide liquor containing (a) at least one metallic impurity of the group consisting of iron, copper, nickel, manganese, and silicon, and (b) an amount of available carbonate of sodium equivalent to more than 0.06% by weight of CO3 radical, which method comprises treating said liquor with an alkaline earth compound so as to react with available carbonate of sodium to precipitate combined CO3 thereof as alkaline earth carbonate, the amount of said alkaline earth compound being at least sufficient to reduce the available carbonate of sodium content of said liquor to an amount equivalent to not more than 0.06% by weight of CO3 radical, controlling the composition of the resulting liquor so that such liquor contains not more than 5% by weight of sodium sulfide, thereby effecting coagulation and precipitation of metallic impurities, and separating said metallic impurities from such liquor.

 

Claim3: The method for producing purified sodium sulfide from a sodium hydrosulfide liquor containing (a) metallic impurities of the type present in commercial sodium hydroxide, and (b) an amount of available carbonate of sodium equivalent to more than 0.06% by weight of COA radical, which method comprises treating said liquor with an alkaline earth compound so as to react with available carbonate of sodium to precipitate combined Cos thereof as alkaline earth carbonate, the amount of said alkaline earth compound being at least sufficient to reduce the available carbonate of sodium content of said liquor to an amount equivalent to not more than 0.06% by weight of Cos radical, controlling the composition of the resulting liquor so that such liquor contains not more than 5% by weight of sodium sulfide, thereby, effecting coagulation and precipitation of metallic impurities, and separating said metallic impurities from such liquor.

 

Sodium sulfide applications:

Sodium sulfide is one of the main chemicals and raw materials in so many industries such as mining industry, leather industry, metallurgy industry, textile industry, dyes and intermediates, pulp and paper, soda ash manufacturing, metal refining industry.

 

Sources:

http://www.freepatentsonline.com

https://patents.google.com

Related products:

Sodium sulphide flakes 60%

 

 

© 2018 Tejaras Co. All Rights Reserved

How to Purchase and Import Chemicals from Iran? (Barriers and Solutions)

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How to Purchase and Import Chemicals from Iran? (Barriers and Solutions)

With respect to be located in one of the most strategic regions in the world, having good access to major commercial ports, railway stations and land roads in the world, high quality of the manufactured chemical raw materials and petrochemical products, and competitive prices which can beat so many other manufacturers in the world, there are thousands of big and medium importers around the world especially in India, East Africa, South Asia, Europe and South America which are willing to buy chemicals and petrochemical products from Iran. But, they have worries that how can they purchase from Iran in a smooth way? And how can they receive their purchased products in a safe way?

The fact is that all the companies in the field of leather, textile, mining industries, metallurgy, agriculture, fertilizer manufacturing, chemical manufacturing, refinery, oil and gas, food production, metal refining, alumina refining, lubricant manufacturing, detergent manufacturing, cosmetics manufacturing, construction, water treatment, candle and match manufacturing, paint and dyes manufacturing can benefit from high quality Iran origin chemical raw materials with competitive prices, but how?

The first barrier for the customers is banking transactions: Almost all the major banks in the world refuse to do transactions with Iranian banks due to U.S. sanctions. Besides, almost none of Iranian manufacturers have any offshore company or bank account. So, as almost all Iranian chemicals manufacturers sell their products on EXW basis with the payment term of 100% cash in advance, it is impossible to buy from Iran on L/C, D/P, or any other credit basis.

How can Tejaras Co. solve banking issues?

With accurate and exact study of the political and economical situation in the region, we decided to establish our strong partner company in Dubai. We arrange all our banking transactions and shipping documentation through our partner company outside Iran. Therefore, we are pleased to inform you that we can receive payments in EUR/USD/AED in our Dubai partner company without any limitation.

We export two types of products; A- our own manufactured products B- the products we supply from governmental factories.

With all governmental and private chemical and petrochemical complexes of Iran that we supply from, we set local contract through our local company national ID, with all the required terms and conditions of our local regulations. The arbitration of the contract will be Iran Judiciary Organization.

First of all, it has been almost a decade, we have been manufacturing, trading and exporting chemicals from Iran. So, not only we have deep knowledge of each factory one by one, but also we have strong business relationship with all our Iranian giant and top manufacturers. So, fortunately, with proven track record of export of tens of thousands of chemicals to 3 continents of the world, we have never had any unsolvable experiences with any of our partner manufacturers.

By the way, if any corruption or breach of contract happens by the manufacturer, we can easily make complaint and close their factory through our professional lawyers until they fulfill their commitments due on the contract. Therefore, our customers can be 100% assured that their payments will be totally safe with us. All of our customers can experience a smooth business with Iran through our company as their loyal partner.

The second barrier is shipping cargoes out of Iran: Firstly, almost all major shipping lines have stopped their services after re-imposed invaded U.S. sanctions of Iranian ports. Secondly, almost all Iranian chemical and petrochemical manufacturers and refineries sell their products on EXW factory basis in bulk, and it is very difficult for foreign customers to make their shipments out of Iran as it is almost impossible for them to communicate with local transportation and packaging/drumming companies in Iran.

How can Tejaras Co. ship chemicals out of Iran?

Depending on the port of destination, all our sea shipments will be transshipment or cross-stuffed via Jebel Ali Port of UAE or ports of Turkey. So, we are pleased to inform you that we can deliver all your orders in any region in the world by vessel, train or truck through the fastest smoothest and most cost-effective routes.  

Shipping documents including commercial invoice, packing list, certificate of analysis, and certificate of origin will be issued on our beneficiary Dubai company letterhead.

We also have the ability to design and print customized packaging for our strong customers upon solo partnership contracts.

Tejaras Co. manufactures, supplies and exports so many strategic chemicals and petrochemical products such as Caustic Soda Flakes 98-99%, Caustic Soda Lye 48-50%, Sodium Sulfide Yellow Flakes 60±2%, Mono ethylene glycol (MEG), Hydrogen Peroxide 35 & 50%, LABSA 97±1%, Paraffin wax (1-3%)(3-5%)(5-7%), Sulfur, Mono ethanol amine, calcium hypochlorite, Methanol, and Base Oil.

It would be our honor to inform you that we can be your loyal chemical partner in Iran in order to fulfill all your chemicals and raw materials requirements, so that a dream of smooth business with Iran can come true for your esteemed company.

In order to get any further information about our products, please do not hesitate to send us an email: sales(at)chemicaliran.com

Tejaras is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of chemicals and petrochemical products from Iran.Tejaras serves its loyal customers in many industries especially textile and leather, detergent, paints and coatings, water treatment, oil and gas , mining and metal refining from all around the world mainly Far East, Middle East, Central Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe.

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Contact details

Email: sales(at)chemicaliran.com

Skype ID: tejaras

Telephone: +98 21 26323206

Address: Unit 14 – Floor 4 – No. 113 – Golestan 5th – Pasdaran – Tehran, Iran

© 2016 Developed By Tejaras